Editorial

Leo van den Berg and René van Veenhuizen

In: UA Magazine No. 15 - Multiple Functions of Urban Agriculture

Growing cities that are expanding their borders and absorbing rural areas have to cope with the diversity of needs of their citizens. Increasingly, municipal authorities are becoming aware of the relation between agriculture in and immediately around cities and many urban issues.

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Multifunctionality and Sustainability of Urban Agriculture

André Fleury and Awa Ba

In: UA Magazine No. 15 - Multiple Functions of Urban Agriculture

Growing cities spontaneously tend to engulf unoccupied urban spaces, i.e. all the non-constructed areas whose presence seems unjustified. Cultivated areas are relocated towards the periphery. This is the spatial expression of the economic logic of ground rent which, in the long term, achieves a balance between economic productivity and land value.

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Multifunctionality_sustainability_ua.pdf	2.15 MB

Scenario’s for Periurban Horticulture in Hanoi and Nanjing

Leo van den Berg, Nguyen Vinh Quang and Guo Zhongxing

In: UA Magazine No. 15 - Multiple Functions of Urban Agriculture

“Seeking Synergy

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Scenarios_peri-urban_horticulture_Hanoi_Nanjing.pdf	1.53 MB

Multiple Functions of Agriculture in Bohicon and Abomey, Benin

Anne Floquet, Roch Mongbo and Juste Nansi

In: UA Magazine No. 15 - Multiple Functions of Urban Agriculture

Abomey and Bohicon are two cities in central Benin whose recent expansion has prompted their link-up in a conurbation of 180,000 inhabitants. The agglomeration is located at the junction between the North-South and the East-West roads.

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Promoting the Multifunctionality of Urban and Periurban Agriculture in Hanoi

Mubarik Ali, Hubert de Bon and Paule Moustier

In: UA Magazine No. 15 - Multiple Functions of Urban Agriculture

Urban and periurban agriculture with its multifunctional roles contributes in resolving many of the emerging issues of mega cities. In addition to its main function of supplying fresh food to growing cities, which itself has additional value to urban consumers, urban agriculture may give a respite to migrant agricultural labourers by engaging them in the activities they know best and rewarding them with income, especially when they cannot find other jobs in their early stage of migration.

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Promoting_Multifunctionality_UA_peri-urban_agriculture_Hanoi.pdf	1.42 MB

Multi-functional Agrotourism in Beijing

Jiang Fang, Yuan Hong, Liu Shenghe and Cai Jianming

In: UA Magazine No. 15 - Multiple Functions of Urban Agriculture

Apart from the traditional food production function, agricultural land use has been taking other functions in Beijing. Next to the ecological function and the role of agriculture in social security and employment generation, especially for migrants, Agrotourism in Beijing has made great progress in the last two decades.

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Multifunctional_Agrotourism_Beijing.pdf	2.99 MB

Urban Farming in the South Durban Basin

Paris Marshall Smith, Mohammed Junaid Yusuf, Urmilla Bob and Andreas de Neergaard

In: UA Magazine No. 15 - Multiple Functions of Urban Agriculture

In an economically and racially segregated city, urban agriculture (UA) can be a tool for political and social transformation that modifies the physical structures by developing meeting grounds, linking areas and eliminating buffer zones. In transforming the physical spaces, UA can change the way people identify themselves and engage with one another. These are critical elements in the discussion of sustainable livelihoods and the alleviation of poverty.

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Urban_farming_South_Durban_Basin.pdf	1.92 MB

Building Food-Secure Neighbourhoods: The role of allotment gardens

Robert J. Holmer and Axel Drescher

In: UA Magazine No. 15 - Multiple Functions of Urban Agriculture

The World Bank classifies the Philippines as one of the world’s fastest urbanising countries. Urban areas grew by 5 percent annually between 1980 and 2000. If this trend continues, an estimated 65% of the total population will be living in urban areas by the year 2020. Cagayan de Oro, one of the secondary cities located in the southern part of the country, has at present a population of about 600,000 with an annual growth rate of 4.4% compared to the 2.3% national average.

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Building_Food-Secure_Neighbourhoods_role_allotment_gardens.pdf	1.29 MB

Urban Agriculture as a Mechanism for Urban Upgrading

K.A. Jayaratne

In: UA Magazine No. 15 - Multiple Functions of Urban Agriculture

Traditionally, agriculture is not included as an activity in land use and zoning plans in urban development, although city greening is accepted as part of city beautification and landscaping. Still, people in urban areas in Colombo have always been involved in various agricultural activities, like growing vegetables, plants for curry leaves trees such as coconut, raising livestock and pigeons and fishing in inland waterways.

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Building Food Secure Neighbourhoods In Rosario

Antonio Lattuca, Raul Terrile, Laura Bracalenti, Laura Lagorio, Gustavo Ramos and Fernando Moreira

In: UA Magazine No. 15 - Multiple Functions of Urban Agriculture

The Urban Agriculture Programme (UAP) was launched by the Municipality of Rosario in 2002, amidst an unprecedented nationwide socio-economic crisis. This initiative marked an important step in further development of municipal policies and programmes towards supporting and strengthening this alternative production system.

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Building_Food_Secure_Neighbourhoods_Rosario_and_Edilble_Landscape.pdf	432.17 KB

Making the Edible Landscape: Integrating productive growing in urban developments

Vikram Bhatt

In: UA Magazine No. 15 - Multiple Functions of Urban Agriculture

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Building_Food_Secure_Neighbourhoods_Rosario_and_Edilble_Landscape.pdf	432.17 KB

Demonstration Gardens in Almirante Brown, Argentina

Kate Casale

In: UA Magazine No. 15 - Multiple Functions of Urban Agriculture

Demonstration gardens are a valuable and multi-functional use of land. Two programmes – Pro-Huerta and Plan Jefe y Jefas de Hogares Desocupados – have taken the lead in introducing such gardens in low-income neighbourhoods in the municipality of Almirante Brown, Buenos Aires. 

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Demonstration_Gardens_Almirante_Brown_Argentina_AND_UA_Gaza_Palestine.pdf	1.84 MB

Urban Agriculture in the Gaza Strip, Palestine

Luc Laeremans and Ahmed Sourani

In: UA Magazine No. 15 - Multiple Functions of Urban Agriculture

The population in Gaza is increasing rapidly as cities and refugee camps continue to expand.  Large-scale, export-oriented agricultural production has reached its limits and is not able to meet the growing need for food security and  income generation. However, almost all agriculture in Gaza can be considered to be urban agriculture and its  potential  is high.

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Demonstration_Gardens_Almirante_Brown_Argentina_AND_UA_Gaza_Palestine.pdf	1.84 MB

Multifunctionality of Periurban Open Spaces in Setif, Algeria

Abdelmalek Boudjenouia, André Fleury and Abdelmalek Tacherift

In: UA Magazine No. 15 - Multiple Functions of Urban Agriculture

Nowadays, quality of living is considered as a key factor for the physical and psychological wellbeing of city dwellers. The presence of nature in the city is an important component due to the diversity of its functions. In addition, it can be a valuable source for companies, improving their corporate image and working environment. The environmental space of a city determines in part its fitness for habitation and economic resources under the concept of a sustainable city. For farmers, the environmental space primarily represents a production area, but increasingly this space is seen as being multifunctional.

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Bringing Soul Back to Wai’anae: the Mala ‘Ai ’Opio Farm

Camille Tuason Mata

In: UA Magazine No. 15 - Multiple Functions of Urban Agriculture

Who would have thought that a Community Supported Agriculture (CSA) project could regenerate pride in a community rifted by youth on drugs, high crime and poverty rates, and unemployment?  This was the situation facing the young couple, the Maunakea-Forths, who conceived of the idea to develop a CSA - the Mala ‘Ai ‘Opio (hereafter MA’O) Organic Farm - in Wai’anae, Hawai’i. 

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Urban Agriculture in the Netherlands: Multifunctionality as an organisational strategy

Marije Pouw and Joanna Wilbers

In: UA Magazine No. 15 - Multiple Functions of Urban Agriculture

Multifunctional land use and the Netherlands have become synonymous as the population of this small country on the rim of the North Sea has increased over the decades to a current density matched only by a small number of places on this earth (1). The experiences of two organisations involved in urban agriculture and multifunctional land use in the Netherlands show how both utilise their multifunctional character as an organisational strategy.

(1) The average population density of the Netherlands in 2005 is 392 inhabitants per square kilometre (see http://www.internetstad.nl/index.php/Nederland).

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Continuous Productive Urban Landscapes: Urban agriculture as an essential infrastructure

Andre Viljoen and Katrin Bohn

In: UA Magazine No. 15 - Multiple Functions of Urban Agriculture

This paper is written from a U.K. perspective and uses London as an example of an expanding city.

Experiences showing the beneficial effects, and in some cases essential benefits, of urban agriculture have been described in this magazine, other journals and websites. Most of these experiences show benefits related to food security and income, with a primary focus on the South. However, the benefits of urban agriculture are potentially applicable to a far wider population, as the integration of urban agriculture into a multifunctional (mixed) land use strategy has the potential to significantly reduce a city’s ecological footprint. The question arises as to why urban agriculture is not being implemented or propagated on a far wider scale in existing and emerging cities

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Continuous_Productive_Urban_Landscapes.pdf	1.12 MB

FoodSpace: Food production in the city

Ursula Lang

In: UA Magazine No. 15 - Multiple Functions of Urban Agriculture

Existing alternatives to factory foods can be remarkably nostalgic, relying on models of rural purity and tiny homesteads, separated from the urban centres these farms serve.  Our cultural associations with the purity of the countryside and the pollution of cities have limited our incorporation of new urban farming methods.  By relying on standard, and horizontal, spatial relationships to our food, we have overlooked the potential of cities to provide us with fresh, seasonal, and local foods.

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Farmer Response to Urban Pressures on Land, the Tamale experience

Christina A. Amarchey

In: UA Magazine No. 15 - Multiple Functions of Urban Agriculture

Over the last two decades, land use in Tamale has been changing  from predominantly agricultural (for cropping and animal husbandry) uses to non-agricultural uses, such as provision of residential and recreational space, transportation facilities, waste disposal and industrial production, mainly dictated by the urbanisation phenomenon.

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Multifunctional Land Use in a Small Urban Agricultural Community in Lagos

Vide Anosike, Shakirudeen Odunuga and Mayowa Fasona

In: UA Magazine No. 15 - Multiple Functions of Urban Agriculture

Land use reflects the functional activities assigned to a particular piece of land. In the past fifty years of Nigerian National Agricultural Development Planning, urban agriculture has not been promoted as a feasible urban land use or activity. Its contribution to urban food security and employment has not been acknowledged yet because food production is often perceived as a rural-based activity.

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Farmer_Response_Urban_pressures_land_AND_Multifunctional_Landuse_Lagos.pdf	612.92 KB

From Food Security to Food Safety: urban development in Bucharest

Sorin Liviu Stefanescu and Monica Dumitrascu

In: UA Magazine No. 15 - Multiple Functions of Urban Agriculture

The expected integration of Romania in the EU has led to a significant change of perception on environmental issues by policy makers both in the rural areas as well in urban sites. With over 2 million residents, Bucharest is the largest city in Romania, has the lowest rate of unemployment in the country (4%) and faces high residential pressure. In the past decade, urban agriculture was seen as a minor issue at national and local level, but recently the quality of periurban agriculture and the impact of the industry on the quality of municipal food consumption have received increasing attention.

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Books

Section on books in UA Magazine No. 15 - Multiple Functions of Urban Agriculture.

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Books.pdf	178.3 KB

Websites

Section on websites in UA Magazine No. 15 - Multiple Functions of Urban Agriculture.

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Websites.pdf	99.07 KB

Events

Section on events in UA Magazine No. 15 - Multiple Functions of Urban Agriculture.

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Events.pdf	141.81 KB

Colophon

Urban Agriculture Magazine
Multiple Functions of Urban Agriculture
ISSN 1571-6244
No. 15, December 2005

UA Magazine is published three times a year by the Network of Resource Centres for Urban Agriculture and Food Security (RUAF), under the Cities Farming for the Future Programme, which is financed by DGIS, the Netherlands, and IDRC, Canada.
UA Magazine is translated into French, Spanish, Chinese, Arabic and Turkish, and distributed in separate editions through the RUAF regional networks, and is also available on www.ruaf.org.

The RUAF Partners are:

• Latin America: IPES Promoción del Desarrollo Sostenible, Lima Peru; email: au@ipes.org.pe; Magazine in Spanish: www.ipes.org
• French Speaking West Africa: IAGU Institut Africain de Gestion Urbaine, Dakar, Senegal; email: moussa@iagu.org; Magazine in French: www.iagu.org 
• English Speaking West Africa: International Water Management Institute, IWMI-Ghana; email: o.cofie@cgiar.org
• East and Southern Africa: MDP Municipal Development Partnership (MDP); email: smushamba@mdpesa.org 
• South and South East Asia: International Water Management Institute, IWMI-India; email: r.simmons@cgiar.org
• North Africa and Middle East: American University of Beirut, email: zm13@aub.edu.lb; Magazine in Arabic: www.ecosystems.org/esduhomepage.php
• China: IGSNRR Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resource Research of the Chinese Academy of Sciences; email: caijm@igsnrr.ac.cn; Magazine in Chinese: www.cnruaf.com
• Coordination and Support: ETC Foundation; email: ruaf@etcnl.nl; Magazine in English: www.ruaf.org

Editors, No. 15

This issue has been compiled by René van Veenhuizen (Responsible Editor), together with Leo van den Berg of Alterra

Web Editing and Books

Marije Pouw and René van Veenhuizen

Administration

Ellen Radstake

Language Editor

Catharina de Kat-Reynen

Design, Layout and Printing

Koninklijke BDU

Subscriptions

The editor, ruaf@etcnl.nl

Address

Urban Agriculture Magazine
P.O. Box 64
3830 AB Leusden
The Netherlands